Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of inherited disorders that affect the connective tissues in the body. Connective tissues are responsible for supporting the skin, bones, blood vessels, and other organs. People with EDS have abnormal collagen, which is the main protein in connective tissue. This can cause a wide range of symptoms and complications, including joint hypermobility, skin fragility, and chronic pain.

Symptoms of EDS

The symptoms of EDS can vary widely depending on the type of EDS a person has. Some common symptoms include:

Joint hypermobility: This means that the joints can move beyond the normal range of motion. This can lead to chronic pain, dislocations, and subluxations (partial dislocations).

Skin fragility: The skin can be easily bruised, torn, or scarred. People with EDS may also have stretchy skin and easy bruising.

Chronic pain: Many people with EDS experience chronic pain, particularly in the joints and muscles. This can make it difficult to perform daily activities and can lead to fatigue.

Scoliosis: This is a condition where the spine is curved to one side. It can occur in some types of EDS.

Kyphoscoliosis: This is a condition where the spine is curved both in the front-to-back and side-to-side planes.

Other symptoms can include: Fatigue, chronic fatigue, sleep disturbance, headaches, chronic headaches, Raynaud’s phenomenon, autonomic dysfunction, gastrointestinal issues, and easy menorrhagia.

Treatment for EDS

Currently, there is no cure for EDS, but there are ways to manage the symptoms and complications. Treatment options include:

Physical therapy: This can help to improve joint stability, flexibility, and strength. A physical therapist can also teach exercises to help manage pain and fatigue.

Occupational therapy: This can help to improve fine motor skills, hand strength, and coordination. An occupational therapist can also teach adaptive techniques to make daily activities easier.

Medications: Pain medications, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen, can help to manage pain. Other medications, such as tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants, may also be used to manage pain.

Assistive devices: Braces, canes, and crutches can help to support weak joints and reduce the risk of dislocations and subluxations.

Surgery: Surgery may be necessary in some cases to repair or stabilize joints.

Nutrition and supplements: Adequate nutrition and supplements can help to strengthen the body.

Pacing and rest: Pacing and rest are important for people with EDS to manage fatigue and pain.

Counseling or therapy: This can help to manage the emotional and psychological effects of living with a chronic condition.

It’s important to note that treatment for EDS will vary depending on the type and severity of the condition, as well as the individual’s symptoms and needs. In addition, a multidisciplinary approach that involves a team of healthcare professionals, such as a geneticist, rheumatologist, physical therapist, occupational therapist, and counselor, can be the most effective way to manage EDS.