Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness that mainly affects infants and children under the age of 5. The disease is characterized by the appearance of sores in the mouth and a rash on the hands and feet.

Symptoms of HFMD

Symptoms of HFMD typically begin to appear 3 to 7 days after exposure to the virus. The first symptoms are usually a fever and sore throat, followed by the appearance of small red spots or blisters on the tongue, gums, inside of the cheeks, and the roof of the mouth. These sores can be painful and make it difficult to eat or drink. The rash on the hands and feet usually appears a day or two later and is made up of small red spots or blisters. The rash is typically not itchy or painful.

In addition to the sores and rash, other common symptoms of HFMD include a loss of appetite, a general feeling of being unwell, and a slight headache. In some cases, a child may also develop a mild diarrhoea.

HFMD is caused by a group of viruses known as enteroviruses. The most common cause of HFMD is coxsackie virus A16, but other types of enteroviruses can also cause the disease. The virus is spread through contact with an infected person’s nose and throat secretions, such as saliva, mucus, or blister fluid. It can also be spread through contact with an infected person’s faeces.

Treatment for HFMD

There is no specific treatment for HFMD. The disease is usually self-limiting and will resolve on its own within 7 to 10 days. Treatment is primarily aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing complications.

To help relieve pain and discomfort associated with the mouth sores, over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or paracetamol can be given. It is also important to keep the child well-hydrated by encouraging them to drink plenty of fluids. In some cases, a child may be prescribed a mouthwash or gel to help numb the mouth and reduce pain.

To prevent the spread of the virus, it is important to practice good hygiene. This includes washing hands frequently with soap and water, cleaning and disinfecting surfaces that may be contaminated with the virus, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals.

In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary if the child is dehydrated or has difficulty swallowing.

In conclusion, hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common viral illness that mainly affects infants and children under the age of 5. The symptoms include fever, sore throat, mouth sores, and a rash on the hands and feet. The disease is caused by a group of viruses known as enteroviruses and is spread through contact with an infected person’s nose and throat secretions, such as saliva, mucus, or blister fluid. There is no specific treatment for HFMD, the disease is usually self-limiting and will resolve on its own within 7 to 10 days. The treatment is primarily aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing complications.