Hypercalcemia is a condition characterized by an elevated level of calcium in the blood. Calcium is an essential mineral that is necessary for a variety of bodily functions, including muscle and nerve function, blood clotting, and bone formation. However, when the level of calcium in the blood becomes too high, it can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications.

Symptoms of hypercalcemia may include:

Fatigue

Weakness

Confusion

Nausea and vomiting

Dehydration

Constipation

Loss of appetite

Abdominal pain

Muscle and joint pain

Kidney stones

Excessive thirst

Frequent urination

Dry skin and hair

If left untreated, hypercalcemia can lead to serious complications, such as kidney failure and damage to the heart, blood vessels, and other organs.

There are several causes of hypercalcemia, including:

Primary hyperparathyroidism: This is a condition in which the parathyroid glands, which control the level of calcium in the blood, become overactive.

Cancer: Some types of cancer, such as multiple myeloma, can cause hypercalcemia by producing an excess of a protein called parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP).

Hyperthyroidism: An overactive thyroid gland can cause an increase in the level of calcium in the blood.

Vitamin D toxicity: Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium from the gut, and an excessive intake of vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia.

Medications: Certain medications, such as thiazide diuretics, lithium, and some cancer treatments, can cause hypercalcemia.

Treatment for hypercalcemia depends on the underlying cause, but may include:

Medications: Bisphosphonates, such as pamidronate and zoledronic acid, can be used to lower the level of calcium in the blood. Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, can also be used to reduce inflammation and slow the release of calcium from the bones.

Dialysis: In cases of severe hypercalcemia, dialysis may be necessary to remove excess calcium from the blood.

Surgery: If primary hyperparathyroidism is the cause of hypercalcemia, surgery to remove the overactive parathyroid gland may be necessary.

Intravenous (IV) fluids: IV fluids can help to rehydrate the body and remove excess calcium from the blood.

Stop or reduce the intake of calcium and Vitamin D supplement.

It is important to see a healthcare provider if you experience any symptoms of hypercalcemia. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent serious complications and improve your overall health.