An overactive thyroid, also known as hyperthyroidism, is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are responsible for regulating the body’s metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature.

Symptoms of overactive thyroid

The symptoms of overactive thyroid can vary depending on the severity of the condition and can include:

Rapid heartbeat: An overactive thyroid can cause an increase in the heart rate, making it feel like the heart is racing or pounding. This can also cause palpitations or an irregular heartbeat.

Weight loss: Despite an increased appetite, people with overactive thyroid often experience weight loss. This is due to the increased metabolism caused by the excess thyroid hormones.

Sweating and heat intolerance: An overactive thyroid can cause sweating, particularly in the hands and feet, and a feeling of heat intolerance.

Nervousness and anxiety: People with overactive thyroid may experience feelings of nervousness and anxiety, which can be accompanied by tremors in the hands and fingers.

Fatigue: Despite the increased metabolism, people with overactive thyroid may experience fatigue and weakness due to the body’s inability to convert food into energy.

Goiter: An overactive thyroid can cause the thyroid gland to enlarge, which can result in a goiter, or a lump in the neck.

Menstrual irregularities: Women with overactive thyroid may experience menstrual irregularities, including irregular periods, heavy periods, or light periods.

Hair loss: An overactive thyroid can cause hair loss, particularly on the scalp and eyebrows.

Treatment for overactive thyroid

Treatment for overactive thyroid depends on the cause of the condition and the severity of the symptoms. Treatment options include:

Medication: Medications such as methimazole or propylthiouracil can be used to block the production of thyroid hormones. These medications may take several weeks or months to start working, and the dosage may need to be adjusted over time.

Radioactive iodine: This treatment involves taking a small amount of radioactive iodine, which is absorbed by the thyroid gland. The radiation destroys the cells that produce thyroid hormones, resulting in a decrease in thyroid hormone production.

Surgery: In some cases, surgery to remove the thyroid gland may be necessary. This is typically recommended for people with large goiters, severe symptoms, or cancer of the thyroid gland.

Beta-blockers: Beta-blockers can be used to help control symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, tremors, and sweating.

Thyroid hormone replacement therapy: If surgery or radioactive iodine treatment is required, thyroid hormone replacement therapy will be necessary to replace the hormones that the thyroid gland normally produces.

In conclusion, overactive thyroid is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The symptoms of overactive thyroid can vary, but common symptoms include rapid heartbeat, weight loss, sweating, nervousness, and fatigue. Treatment options include medication, radioactive iodine, surgery, beta-blockers, and thyroid hormone replacement therapy. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of treatment for your specific condition.